Though the United Nations brokered two cease-fires during the conflict, fighting continued into Israel and the Arab states did not reach any formal armistice agreements until February. Under separate agreements between Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt, Lebanon, Transjordan, and Syria, these bordering nations agreed to formal armistice lines. Israel gained some territory formerly granted to Palestinian Arabs under the United Nations resolution in These armistice lines held until The United States did not become directly involved with the armistice negotiations, but hoped that instability in the Middle East would not interfere with the international balance of power between the Soviet Union and the United States.
Morocco and Sudan signed normalization agreements with Israel in the ensuing months. Israel is always searching for ways to widen the circle of peace and we are working with friends across the world to make that happen.
The Jewish people share a deep historical connection to Iraq. So to the Iraqi people we say today — we have far more that unites us than divides us and far more to gain from peace than from unnecessary conflict. Iraq is officially at war with Israel and is a firm supporter of the Arab League boycott of Israel. Its passports are not valid for travel to Israel. Arab and Muslim countries around the world are increasingly normalising relations with Israel.
As the Arab nationalist regimes lost war after war against Israel, Egypt and Jordan also normalised ties in and respectively.
However, it seems that a new friendship is budding in the region between once old enemies who have clashed in battle on several occasions.
Iraqi soldiers saw limited success on some fronts against the nascent Israel Defence Force. However, Iraqi troops ultimately had to withdraw following the general rout suffered by Egypt, Syria and Jordan who — alongside the rest of the alliance — failed to coordinate their attacks under a unified chain of command that allowed Israel to defeat them piecemeal. As will be familiar to observers of modern Arab militaries, there are too many egos looking for personal glory rather than working in tandem to achieve a shared objective.
In the disastrous Six-Day War of , Iraq again participated by deploying tanks, aircraft and men to the Israeli border with Jordan.
Iraq suffered losses to its aircraft but notably managed to shoot down Israeli fighters, with some of the Iraqi planes piloted by volunteers from the Pakistani Air Force.
Nevertheless, and having learnt lessons from the previous war, Iraq rapidly deployed armoured columns to Syria, and the actions of these formations famously caught the Israelis in their flank as they were advancing on Damascus.
Iraqi forces thus prevented IDF troops from attacking the Syrian capital directly and stopped their advance. Iraq has been in a formal state of war for close to 61 years, and during the Gulf War, former dictator Saddam Hussein ordered dozens of missiles to be fired on Tel Aviv, the last formal military action by an Arab power claiming to defend the Palestinian cause.
He also provided financial aid to any Palestinian partisans killed by Israeli security forces. Relations were far-ranging, but to a large extent given a low profile. Iran sold Israel oil when none of the other oil-rich states in the region would do so. It also became a major importer of Israeli goods and services. Beginning of the end. Just as the relationship flowered in response to larger political conditions, it also came to an end because of larger geopolitical changes.
The death of Nasser in and the ascension of Anwar Sadat led to a warming of relations between Egypt and Iran. Furthermore, the signing of an accord between Iran and Iraq in — in which Iran agreed to stop arming Kurdish-Iraqi separatists — led to a temporary lessening of hostility between those implacable enemies.
All the while, Islamic clerics in Iran kept up a stream of negative indoctrination against Israel. For example, in an article for Iranica Online, the Israeli scholar Prof.
When the shah was overthrown in a popular uprising in , and his authoritarian secular regime was replaced by a no-less-oppressive Islamic one, the relationship with Israel was one of the first things to go. Ayatollah Khomeini returned from exile in France on February 1, , and less than three weeks later — on February 18 — he severed relations with Israel.
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